Carbon Free Future

Hinkley Point C: What £48 Billion Actually Buys You

·8 min read·By DJ Waugh

The Most Expensive Power Station Ever Built

Hinkley Point C was supposed to cost £18 billion when it was approved in 2013. It was going to be Britain's nuclear renaissance — proof that the UK could build new nuclear at scale. Thirteen years later, it stands as the most expensive power station ever constructed on planet Earth.

Here is the cost escalation, year by year:

  • 2013: £16 billion (initial estimate)
  • 2015: £18 billion (contract signed with EDF)
  • 2016: £20 billion (first revision)
  • 2017: £22 billion (construction begins)
  • 2019: £22.5 billion
  • 2022: £25–26 billion
  • 2023: £31–33 billion (EDF revision)
  • 2024: £35 billion in 2015 prices
  • 2026: ~£48 billion in 2026 prices
The budget has nearly tripled. And it's not finished yet.

Every Delay

The timeline has slipped just as badly as the budget:

  • Original target: 2025
  • First delay: 2027
  • Second delay: 2028
  • Third delay: 2029
  • Current estimate: 2030 at the earliest
Construction started in 2017. As of 2026, it has been under construction for nine years with no end in sight. Compare that to China's HTR-PM reactor, which went from construction start to grid connection in under seven years — and that was a first-of-a-kind demonstration plant.

What Do You Actually Get?

When Hinkley Point C finally switches on — assuming it does — Britain will get:

  • 3.26 GWe of electricity from two EPR reactors
  • That's it
No hydrogen. No desalinated water. No district heating. No industrial co-products. No oxygen for hospitals. No chemical feedstocks. Just electricity. For ~£48 billion.

What One CFF Site Delivers For £15 Billion

Now compare that to what a single Carbon Free Future coastal site produces:

  • 3.6 GWe of electricity (more than Hinkley)
  • 2,072 tonnes/day of green hydrogen
  • 50,000 m³/day of desalinated water
  • District heating at £500/yr to ~280,000 homes
  • Oxygen for hospitals and steelworks
  • Chemical feedstocks from zero-waste brine processing
  • ~18,000 direct and indirect jobs for 200 years
All of this from 48 HTGR modules arranged in 8 six-packs — a modular, repeatable design that gets cheaper with every build.

The Fingleton Review Said It All

The UK government's own Fingleton Review found that Britain is "the most expensive place in the world to build nuclear." Why? Because of bespoke, one-off megaprojects exactly like Hinkley Point C.

CFF is the direct answer to that problem. Instead of building one unique, custom-designed reactor complex, CFF proposes 48 identical factory-built modules per site, and 1,344 modules across the full fleet. The Fleet Effect means every build gets faster and cheaper — the same principle that made Japan dominant in cars and Korea dominant in shipbuilding.

The Real Question

Hinkley Point C will eventually produce electricity. Nobody disputes that. The question is: is electricity alone worth £48 billion and 13+ years of delays?

When the same money could fund three CFF sites — each producing more electricity, plus hydrogen, water, heating, and industrial outputs — for 200 years instead of 60?

The numbers speak for themselves. See the full comparison on the homepage.


Carbon Free Future is an independent proposal by DJ Waugh, a retired engineer from the North East of England. It has no political or commercial affiliation.

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